\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=2.36,5=73g\)

=> \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{73}{73+327}\times100\%=18,25\%\)

b. 

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{250.18,25\%}{36,5}=1,25mol\)

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{50}{100}=0,5mol\)

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

\(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,5mol\)

\(n_{HClpu}=0,5.2=1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCldu}=1,25-1=0,25\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddpu}=50+250-0,5.44=278g\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,25.36,5}{278}.100\%=3,28\%\)

\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.111}{278}.100\%=19,96\%\)

m_H2SO4= \(\dfrac{300.7,35}{100}=22,05g\)

n_H2SO4= \(\dfrac{22,05}{98}=0,225 mol\)

m_HCl= \(\dfrac{200.7,3}{100}=14,6g\)

n_HCl= \(\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4mol\)

                         H₂SO₄ + 2HCl → 2H₂O + Cl₂ ↑+ SO₂ ↑

n trước pư        0,225      0,4

n pư                  0,2  ←    0,4     →  0,4   → 0,2 → 0,2 mol

n sau  pư   dư 0,025       hết

a) m_Cl2= 0,2. 71= 14,2g

    m_SO2= 64. 0,2= 12,8g

    m_H2O= 18. 0,4=7,2g

m_{dd sau pư}=  300 +200 -14,2 -12,8= 473g

C%_{dd H2O}= \(\dfrac{7,2.100}{473}=1,52\)%

b) Mg + 2H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ + H₂ ↑

     x  →  2x     →      x        → x

     Fe + 2H₂O → Fe(OH)₂ + H₂↑

      y → 2y      →     y        → y

Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Mg,Fe.

Ta có hệ phương trình:

    24x + 56y = 8,7              x= \(\dfrac{5}{64}\)

                                   ⇒

      2x   +  2y  = 0,4             y= \(\dfrac{39}{320}\)

V_H2= 22,4. \((\dfrac{5}{64}+\dfrac{39}{320})\)= 4,48l

m_{hh MG(OH)2, Fe(OH)2}= 8,7 +250 - 2.(\(\dfrac{5}{64}+\dfrac{39}{320}\)) = 2258,3g

m_Mg=24. \(\dfrac{5}{64}\)=1.875g

m_Fe= 8,7-1,875= 6,825g

a) 

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

            0,2-->0,4----->0,2--->0,2

=> V_H2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)

b) m_HCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 (g)

=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\)

c)

m_{dd sau pư} = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)

m_ZnCl2 = 0,2.136 = 27,2 (g)

=> \(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%=12,8\%\)

a) \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)

\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=2.\dfrac{11,16}{62}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)

\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,32.40}{11,16+88,84}.100=12,8\%\)

b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{4,48}{56}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,08.22,4=1,792\left(lít\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,16.36,5}{7,3\%}=80\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddsaupu}=4,48+80-0,08.2=84,32\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,08.127}{84,32}.100=12,05\%\)

Bài 4 : 

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

a) Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)

            1          2              1          1

          0,2        0,4           0,2        0,2

b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{100}=14,6\)⁰/₀

d) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=13+100-\left(0,2.2\right)=112,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{27,2.100}{112,6}=24,16\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

Bài 3 : 

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

a) Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)

            1            1                1           1

          0,5          0,5            0,5          0,5

b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=0,5.98=49\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{49.100}{200}=24,5\)⁰/₀

d) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{MgSO4}=0,5.120=60\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=12+200-\left(0,5.2\right)=211\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{60.100}{211}=28,44\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

Mg+H2SO4->MgSO4+H2

0,5----0,5--------0,5--------0,5

n Mg=12\24=0,5 mol

=>VH2=0,5.22,4=11,2l

=>m H2SO4=0,5.98=49 g

=>C% =49\200.100=24,5g

=>m dd=12+200-0,5.2=211g

=>C%=0,4.120\211.100=22,74885%

n_Mg = 3,6/24 = 0,15 mol; n_FeCl3 = 0,25.1 = 0,25 mol

Mg            + 2FeCl₃ → MgCl₂ + 2FeCl₂

0,125_{dư 0,025}←0,25 →   0,125   → 0,25    (mol)

Mg   +   FeCl₂ → MgCl₂ + Fe

0,025→0,025  →0,025→0,025 (mol)

Vậy chất rắn sau phản ứng là Fe: n_Fe = 0,025 mol

=> m = m_Fe = 0,025.56 = 1,4 (gam)

Dung dịch X sau phản ứng gồm: 

Nồng độ của các chất trong dung dịch X: 

a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,64}{27}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{365.10\%}{36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,32}{2}< \dfrac{1}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

         0,32-->0,96---->0,32--->0,48

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,48.22,4=10,752\left(l\right)\)

b) Trong Y chứa AlCl₃ và HCl dư

\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,32.133,5=42,72\left(g\right)\)

c) m_{dd sau pư} = 8,64 + 365 - 0,48.2 = 372,68 (g)

 \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{42,72}{372,68}.100\%=11,463\%\\C\%\left(HCldư\right)=\dfrac{\left(1-0,96\right).36,5}{372,68}.100\%=0,392\%\end{matrix}\right.\)